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澎湖 青灣仙人掌公園 l Penghu Qingwan Cactus Park
緣起
青灣營區位於馬公市風櫃半島，緊鄰201縣道，北側臨馬公內海，南側臨澎湖外海，擁有豐富的海域資源與自然生態景觀。區內除玄武岩與豐富多樣的植被等自然景觀外，基地內之大山砲台深具軍事色彩，因此，更添青灣營區的觀光多樣性，同時亦因其特殊的自明性與灣澳景觀，使其成為風櫃半島上的特色景點之一。
青灣營區自97年度海巡署移交回澎湖縣政府後，透過閒置空間活化再利用之手法，輔以分期分區、民間委託經營管理的模式，辦理相關建設計畫。並利用「生態環境修補」把既有海岸、綠地、山溝、地景…等眾多環境所串連組成的多樣化空間進行修護；許多自然環境的毀壞與設施的荒廢無疑也造成部分環境的劣化。藉由本案綠美化系統工程將可有效改善生態多樣條件，且藉由多重植栽披覆，淨化空氣、吸收二氧化碳；透過據點整併與串聯不僅可以改善環境品質，也可以創造新的休閒遊憩機會，而調整植被的過程中，也可順應地勢調整低窪與高地的相對應關係，建構基地保水的可能，提升青灣生態復育強度。
透過本案集中核心開發區的規劃控制可減緩對青灣干擾的強度，在開發核心區以外則以串連綴補的工法強調生態多樣性，連結與修補聯繫山、海兩區及其周邊據點，透過仙人掌主題的挹注強化原有玄武岩地質景觀風貌，並強化核心軍事文化區歷史閱讀性，亦可結合蒔裡沙灘，提升休閒遊憩機會；而海線遊賞可串連海線相關據點，(澎南自行車道的串聯等計畫），將可形塑青灣周邊生態旅遊的廣域面向。
Background
Qingwan district is located at Penghu's Fongguei Peninsula. Surrounded by sea, it is abundant in marine resources and natural wonders. The basaltic landscape, diverse vegetation, and forts remained from the military days make Qingwan the perfect place for tourism development.
The district was under Coast Guard Administration until 2008, when it was relegated to Penghu County Government. Since then, the government has been revitalising the district’s natural environment and abandoned manmade facilities with strategies such as phasing and BOT, which has in turn improved the its ecology and living quality.Moreover, the project’s landscape treatment work better enhance the district’s condition for ecological diversity. Vegetation planting and air purifying also help. The integration of different parts within the district not only improves environmental quality but also creates more recreations. During the process of vegetation adjustment, water conservation is made possible due to the corresponding relation between low-lying land and highland, boosting Qingwan’s capability of ecological restoration.
In detail, the core zone of the project is to control and minimise any damages construction might bring. Outside of the zone, the projects aims to increase ecological diversity by reconnecting to mountains and sea and the areas nearby. The cactus park helps the preservation of the basaltic landscape and stresses the place’s military background, facilitating the formation of different types of recreations. Setting up leisure activities along the coastline, such as the plan of bike lanes, then intends to broaden the scope of Qingwan’s ecotourism.
目標
工程概念說明：本案主要分為四期規劃
1.第一期工程為整理廢棄營區工地與環境整地工程(不屬本團隊規劃範圍)
2.第二期工程主要闢建園區展示花房，並依照花房特性興建半露天岩體露養花房，金琥仙人掌花房與提供親子手作創作的教室型大仙人掌花房。
3.第三期工程主要針對花房區與參觀中軸線景觀修補，並順應地形施作本區雨水貯留池，改善濱海第一線植被狀況。
4.第四期工程主要為藝術家駐村場域規劃、中軸地景風雨遮陽棚走廊、入口迎賓陳列室等三大區塊，承接未來ROT廠商營運的準備。
Goal
The construction plan includes the following four phases:
Phase 1: preparing the site by sorting out abandoned camp and environmental (not belonging to the design team's planning scope)
Phase 2: constructing including the one for semi-open basalt-based greenhouse, the one for echinocactus grusonii cactus greenhouse and the one for large cactus greenhouse that can be used as a classroom for parent-child handcraft workshops.
Phase 3: fine tuning the construction of greenhouses and the landscape along the axis. And, establishing rainwater conservation basin according to the district’s geography, which will improve the condition of vegetation by the sea.
Phase 4: planning artist villages, shaded walkway along the axis, and exhibition room at the entrance. And, preparing the hand-over details regarding ROT companies that will operate the site in the future.
操作
本案是一處擁有優美的海濱景觀，加上周圍礁岩與峽灣優美灘線，交通便利且讓人身心放鬆，本案規劃主要分為仙人掌園區、藝術家駐村區及園區環境景觀規畫三大區域。仙人掌園區主要是以仙人掌作為意象轉換的花房溫室，利用青灣現地既有的仙人掌、天人菊、瓊麻等豐富植被，與玄武岩地質於現地保護。並以仙人掌的造型語彙，轉化成設計元素，設置保護區，作為仙人掌培育與玄武岩保護之用。
藝術家駐村區則為一處擁有優美海濱景觀、礁岩與峽灣優美灘線的海巡舊營區，可提供藝術家自由自在的環境，讓藝術創作更天馬行空！年久失修的營舍，雜草叢生、殘破不堪，為保留建築物原貌，以置入性為主的設計主軸及外牆拉皮的手法著手設計，不破壞原始建築物為基準，創造與自然合諧共存且從”心”出發的藝術發想中心。園區環境景觀規畫主要為連結園區內各花房動線之間的綠帶串聯修補，並營造園區整體公園意象的塑造。
Practice
The project, consisting of the cactus park, artists village, and environmental landscape, possesses great sea views that relax people. The parks are mainly greenhouses designed with elements associated with cactuses; its purpose is to conserve cactuses and basaltic landscape.
The artists village is located at an old coastal guard site by the sea. The beautiful beach line consisting of reef rocks and fjords make it a perfect place for artists to create work. To revitalize the old buildings at the site and preserve their original looks at the same time, the design used is mainly placement and face-lifting. Environmental landscape is the green belt that connects the traffic flow of various greenhouses and creates the look and feel of a park.
1.仙人掌園區包含以下空間
1. The cactus parks includes following spaces
大仙人掌花房
Big cactus greenhouse
主要是以大仙人掌筆直向上之意象，建築立面外層利用繁複及規律的膠合集成柚木拼接作為外觀立面的包覆，內層大面開窗在炎暑中製造通風舒暢感，牆面設計並配合玄武岩稜格砌石牆面融入當地環境。
Integrated teak in the shape of the cactus wraps around the facade; large-sized windows facilitate ventilation and basaltic masonry retaining walls that feature prism grid fit the local environment.
金琥仙人掌花房
以金琥仙人掌為雛形，彎曲鋼構作為骨架，白色與透明pc版作為誘導光線的媒介，讓花房不單單只是一個不可親近的量體，而是可以散發溫暖的建築。
Echinocactus grusonii cactus greenhouse
With bended steel as structure and white and transparent pc panels bringing in natural light, the greenhouse resembles the shape of the cactus and has a soft glow.
岩體仙人掌花房
一道砌石牆面抵擋了強風掩護了此處，凌亂的砌石方式，做為外牆及屋頂構架的發想，並且利用膠合集成柚木拼接，讓木頭溫潤的色澤融入空間。
Basaltic-based greenhouse
The making of wall and roof is inspired by local masonry retaining walls; the use of integrated teak on the wall and roof softens the overall look.
仙人掌陳列室
玄武岩菱格砌石牆呼應當地澎湖砌石牆面，有秩序地排列，從地坪景觀延伸的建築物，傾斜屋頂讓”綠”爬滿整片，甫一進園區入口多了一抹綠意。名符其實的「綠」建築。
Exhibition room
Basaltic masonry retaining walls with prism grid fit the local environment; tilted roof facilitates the growth of greenery, greeting visitors coming to the park.
入口遮陽棚
破碎幾何的形式將凌亂砌石牆轉化成構造，結構美感的展現，在緩坡上矗立一處可讓人遮陽遮雨的空間，並且將綠意帶到屋頂，讓景觀與建築共存。
Shed at the entrance
Bringing the structure of masonry retaining walls and greenery to the roof of the shed situated on a slope, making the architecture coexist well with the surrounding landscape.
2.藝術家駐村區包含以下空間
2. The artists village includes the following spaces
藝術家創作區
藝術家創作區
用灰黑色的抿石子作為外牆，利用實木板及錯亂的抿石子分割線讓牆面律動，並保留舊有結構修復室內牆面，讓未來藝術家可以專心創作。
Workshop
Workshop
The exterior walls are made of grey-black pebbles. Solid wood panels and dividing lines of the pebbles create a sense of rhythm on the wall. The interior walls preserve the original structure.
藝術家住宿區
淡藍色的鋼棚，鐵灰色的鋼結構，以不破壞舊有建築物的方式，完整置入屋頂及室內隔間，充分的將室內隔間劃分為藝術家住宿休息的區域。
藝術家廁所
修復舊有石牆砌成建築並且在旁新作一處以木作魚鱗板為牆面建築，利用鋼棚將兩處結合，讓新舊建築物及材質最純粹的展現應有表情。
地景廣場
蜿蜒的曲面砌石，高低層次的座椅，以及地坪撕裂的綠意，將景觀與廣場結合。
3.全區環境景觀規畫
Accommodation
It features light blue steel shed and grey steel structure. The roof and interior compartments are placed without damages the original architecture.
Bathroom
The old architecture made of masonry is fixed and a new architecture featuring wooden weatherboards is also built. The two are connected with a steel shed.
Plaza
Curved masonry and seating of different height let the plaza connect with surrounding landscape.
3. Landscape design
園區景觀主要在改善新建花房區景觀，並改良全區頹敗環境，加強區域保水，設置雨水貯留池，並改善澎湖冷冽冬天侵襲後，植栽寸草不生的情形。在檢視區域環境後，設計團隊發現了日據時期的雨水回收渠道遺址，工法之精良，現今工法亦無法超越，顯示澎湖缺水的環境，雨水收集的重要。因此，雨水回收的設計，也選址在本基地最低窪處，並且透過自然下滲的機制，強化基地保水，希望全區雨水都仍留在基地內，浸潤土壤，也間接改善植被生長環境。冷冽的東北季風挾帶鹽分，對植栽呼吸的毛細孔相當不利，也因此植栽生長情況不佳，擋風牆的設計來自於澎湖菜宅構想，有別於澎湖一般工程的擋風網，180~240cm的擋風牆更具效果，讓原本寸草不生的入口區域，也因為擋風牆的設置後開始出現綠意，牆後的蓄水池長期浸潤土壤也讓植栽更易生長，也順勢改善濱海第一線植栽不生的窘境。
It primarily is to improve the landscape surrounding the greenhouses and the overall environment; to enhance water conservation by setting up rainwater conservation basin; and to help the growth of plants under the cold weather. After investigating the whole district, the design team finds the well-designed rainwater recycling system from Japanese-Occupied Period. It suggests the problem of water shortage and importance of rainwater collection. The team’s take is to keep the water conservation design at the lowest point of the site and strengthen water conservation through infiltration, which in turn will facilitate the overall plant growth. To block the cold north-east monsoon that carries salt and interferes plant growth, the team develops windbreak inspired by the method used by local farmers. The windbreak of 180~240cm can help the growth of plants by the sea more effectively.
4.結語
青灣仙人掌公園，一處在明鄭時期訓練水師的高地、日治時期重要的砲台基地、國民政府戒嚴時期的陸軍營區、戒嚴開放後的海巡營區，到近年移交澎湖縣政府後的觀光魅力新據點。青灣在歷史的洪流中渡過，滿山的仙人掌默默的見證了各種政權的交迭。
歷經七年的規劃設計施工，青灣仙人掌公園將會成為一處展示各種仙人掌，開創仙人掌與火龍果產業，展現青灣歷史源流，觀賞海景夕陽與藝術家駐村計畫，可逛可觀可遊可學的澎湖觀光新據點，邀請大家有空一同前往。
4. Conclusion
Penghu Qingwan Cactus Park has transformed from the important military base in the past to the new tourist attraction. After seven years’ planning and construction, the park is not only a place where exhibits different types of cactuses but also a land that nourishes the cactus and dragon fruit business and creative works. Please come and visit.
地理位置 ： 澎湖縣馬公市
設計時間 ： 2009.05 - 2011.05
施工時間 ： 2010.09 - 2015.08
建築面積 ： 3008.85 m2
Location
Design period
Const. period
Total floor area
： Penghu Qingwan, TAIWAN
： 2009.05 - 2011.05
： 2010.09 - 2015.08
： 3008.85 m2